Journal: Small Science

Article Title: To Dye or Not to Dye: Unraveling the Impact of Surface Chemistry on Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles–Cell Interactions

doi: 10.1002/smsc.202500446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cellular internalization and cytotoxicity assessment of PAA‐CeNPs and DiI@PAA‐CeNPs in the osteoblastic cells. a) Fluorescence intensity of different CeNPs after 1 h incubation with SAOS‐2 cells under various conditions: with or without (W/O) FBS, measured before and after washing to remove unbound NPs. b) Fluorescence microscopy images of DiI‐labeled nanoparticle (DiI@PAA‐CeNPs) coincubated with SAOS‐2 cells for 1 h with or without FBS. Scale bars = 50 μm. c) Metabolic activity of SAOS‐2 cells treated with DiI@PAA‐CeNPs for 24 h at varying NP concentrations. d) Cell number of SAOS‐2 cells treated with DiI@PAA‐CeNPs for 24 h at varying NP concentrations. Data in (c) and (d) represent mean ± standard deviation from at least three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA; no significant differences were observed ( P > 0.05). ns represents no significant difference ( P > 0.05), and asterisks indicate statistical significance: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001. The dashed line indicates 100% relative to the control.

Article Snippet: Human osteoblastic cells SAOS‐2 (contaminationfree) were purchased on 13.9.2024 from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ), RRID: CVCL_0548.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Incubation, Microscopy, Labeling, Activity Assay, Standard Deviation, Control

Journal: Small Science

Article Title: To Dye or Not to Dye: Unraveling the Impact of Surface Chemistry on Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles–Cell Interactions

doi: 10.1002/smsc.202500446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intracellular localization of DiI@PAA‐CeNPs in SAOS‐2 cells. Fluorescence microscopy images of fluorescently stained a) lysosomes (blue) and b) mitochondria (green) after the cell incubation with DiI@PAA‐CeNPs (red) in the medium with or without FBS for 4 h. c) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of the cells incubated with DiI@PAA‐CeNPs (red) for 24 h (initial 6 h without FBS supplementation), stained for nuclei (DAPI: blue) and actin (phalloidin: green). Scale bars are 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Human osteoblastic cells SAOS‐2 (contaminationfree) were purchased on 13.9.2024 from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ), RRID: CVCL_0548.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Incubation, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Journal: Small Science

Article Title: To Dye or Not to Dye: Unraveling the Impact of Surface Chemistry on Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles–Cell Interactions

doi: 10.1002/smsc.202500446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative TEM images of SAOS‐2 cells coincubated with CeNPs. a) Control SAOS‐2 cells, showing typical cellular structures and organelles. b) SAOS‐2 cells coincubated with PAA‐CeNPs. c) SAOS‐2 cells coincubated with DiI@PAA‐CeNPs. Under all conditions, the cells were supplemented with FBS and incubated with NPs for 4 h. Arrows indicate observed NPs within cellular vesicles.

Article Snippet: Human osteoblastic cells SAOS‐2 (contaminationfree) were purchased on 13.9.2024 from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ), RRID: CVCL_0548.

Techniques: Control, Incubation

Journal: Small Science

Article Title: To Dye or Not to Dye: Unraveling the Impact of Surface Chemistry on Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles–Cell Interactions

doi: 10.1002/smsc.202500446

Figure Lengend Snippet: Focused ion beam (FIB)‐assisted lamella preparation and visualization of internalized PAA‐CeNPs and DiI@PAA‐CeNPs via HR‐STEM. a) Workflow of FIB‐SEM preparation for thinning fixed cells to produce lamella slices: (I) SEM localization of target cells; (II) deposition of a protective layer before milling; (III) focused Ga ion beam milling of slices from fixed cells; (IV) mounting of thinned lamellae onto TEM holders for analysis followed by focused Ga ion beam polishing until the desired thickness is achieved. b) Observation of CeNPs inside the cells by HR‐STEM and HR‐TEM. The detailed crystalline structure of CeNPs is visible. c) STEM images (left) and EDX mapping (right) confirm the existence of Ce inside the sliced cell lamella. Cells were incubated with NPs for 24 h in the medium supplemented with FBS. d,e) shows the intracellular localization of CeNPs in SAOS cells at various time points, analyzed using HR‐STEM following FIB‐SEM‐assisted lamella preparation. (d) PAA‐CeNPs and (e) DiI@PAA‐CeNPs incubated with SAOS‐2 cells in FBS‐supplemented cultivation medium for 0 to 24 h. White arrows indicate observed bright‐contrasted CeNPs observed in the FIB‐SEM prepared lamellae. Size of scale bars: 10 μm, 50 μm, 5 nm, 50 nm, and 100 nm, as indicated. For (d) and (e), scale bars are 50 μm unless otherwise indicated.

Article Snippet: Human osteoblastic cells SAOS‐2 (contaminationfree) were purchased on 13.9.2024 from German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ), RRID: CVCL_0548.

Techniques: Incubation

Journal: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

Article Title: Comparative analysis of viability, proliferation, and mineralization potential of human pulp and osteoblastic cells exposed to different bioceramic endodontic sealers

doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.01.008

Figure Lengend Snippet: Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and osteoblastic cells (Saos-2) exposed to AHP-B, NEOMTA-P, BIO-C, and MTA-F. Statistics: One-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Different symbols represent statistically significant group differences (mean ± SD, p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2, ATCC HTB-85) were cultured as monolayers in T-75 flasks (CORNING, UNION CITY, CA) containing DMEM at 37 °C, 95 % humidity, and 5 % CO 2 .

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

Article Title: Comparative analysis of viability, proliferation, and mineralization potential of human pulp and osteoblastic cells exposed to different bioceramic endodontic sealers

doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.01.008

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mineralization in cultures of hDPCs and Saos-2 as a late marker of osteoblastic differentiation. Statistics: Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Different symbols indicate statistically significant group differences (mean ± SD, p < 0.05).

Article Snippet: Human osteoblastic cells (Saos-2, ATCC HTB-85) were cultured as monolayers in T-75 flasks (CORNING, UNION CITY, CA) containing DMEM at 37 °C, 95 % humidity, and 5 % CO 2 .

Techniques: Marker